Comparison of four ultrasonographic approaches for the diagnosis of acquired reticular diaphragmatic hernia in Bovidae

Authors : Ashwani KUMAR, Vandana SANGWAN, Jitender MOHINDROO, Narinder Singh SAINI, Simrat Sagar SINGH

Pages : 323-331

View : 14 | Download : 13

Publication Date : 0000-00-00

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The aim of this study was to look at four ultrasonographic approaches that diagnose acquired reticular diaphragmatic hernia insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(RDH); using either left or right caudal thoracic approaches insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(4th/5th intercostal space); and compare them to those made more cranially insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1st/2nd intercostal space);. Each sonographic observation was made in 27 unsedated, standing animals insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(22 buffaloes and 5 cattle); that were surgically confirmed for RDH. Using the right caudal thoracic approach, the herniated reticulum was seen as medial to the thoracic wall at a depth of 3-5 cm and adjacent to the cardiac silhouette. With the left caudal thoracic approach, the herniated reticulum was seen at a depth of 10-15 cm beyond the heart, which acted as a useful acoustic window. Compared to the nonherniated reticulum, the herniated reticulum had subjectively reduced amplitude or no contractions. The right cranial thoracic approach detected a significantly insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.01); larger herniation insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(22.60 ± 1.65 cm); than that of the smaller hernia insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(14.09 ± 0.82 cm); when measured with radiographs. However, the left cranial thoracic approach was able to diagnose RDH in one buffalo with extensive herniation. In conclusion, RDH was consistently demonstrated ultrasonographically using caudal thoracic approaches, whereas the cranial thoracic approaches were only of value in Bovidae with extensive reticular herniation.
Keywords : Buffalo, cattle, diaphragmatic hernia, reticulum, radiography, ultrasonography