The Ultrastructure of Placental Syncytial Knots in Normotensive, Preeclamptic and HELLP Syndrome Patients

Authors : Dilek YAVUZ, Yusuf NERGİZ, Mehmet Sıddık EVSEN, Ercan AYAZ

Pages : 1-11

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Publication Date : 2016-06-15

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Background: Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of perinatal deaths and disabilities and is a multisystemic disorder that is characterized by maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and increased permeability of blood vessel damage. Methods: In our study, increased syncytial nodes examined at ultrastructural level, and the effect of the increase in syncytial node will be revealed by putting forward the possible changes in the mentioned nodes both in women with preeclampsia and HELLP cases. We used the electron microscope techniques to observe morphological and ultrastructural changes in the placenta and placental deposits. Tissue samples were taken from 10 preeclamptic, 10 pregnant with HELLP and 10 healthy pregnant women from the control group. Through electron microscopy methods, the results of the patients with preeclampsia, control group of pregnant women and patients with HELLP were evaluated. Results: As a result of electron microscopy studies, in placental tissues: in preeclampsia group, while in fetal peripheral sections; we observed cytoplasmic common vacuolisations in syncytiotrophoblasts and dilatation in endoplasmic reticulum cisterns, thinning in capillar endothelial cells and necrotic appearance in syncytiotrophoblasts in contact with capillaries were found to be the dominant view. In this group, reduction in the number of microvilli of syncytiotrophoblasts as well as the connective tissue edema was one of the most remarkable findings. When HELLP maternal peripheral and central cross-sections were analyzed, intracytoplasmic edema and degenerative vacuollar were observed in syncytiotrophoblasts, both structures and villous edema seemed to be obvious. In HELLP fetal peripheral sections, the presence of diffuse cellular debris in intervillous space was the most important result. Conclusion: Compared with the control group, increase was observed in the number of syncytial nodes and histological changes in ultrastructural structure in placentas with preeclampsia and HELLP.
Keywords : Preeclampsia, HELLP, Syncytial knot