Development of “Environmental Attributes Scale” in Historical City Centers: The Case of Ankara-Hacıbayram Square

Authors : Başak Yurtseven, Dicle Oğuz

Pages : 2467-2492

Doi:10.31198/idealkent.1576583

View : 90 | Download : 55

Publication Date : 2024-12-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The aim of this study is to develop a scale to identify the effects of the physical and social transformation of Hacıbayram Square after urban on the residents, employees and visitors from different districts of Ankara. In the scale development process, firstly, a literature review was conducted, and no scale was found for the purpose of the study and the research question. In this context, it was decided to develop a scale for determining the physical and social qualities of the place. In this context, deductive method was used, literature review and expert opinions were taken into consideration. Thus, an item pool of 37 items was created. In the scale development study, a 5-point Likert-type scale was used. Initially, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied to determine the construct validity of the scale. The factorization structure was determined with EFA and it was decided that the KMO (0.851) and Bartlett’s test chi-square value (2933,668) were appropriate. With CFA, it was tested whether a previously defined and delimited structure was confirmed as a model. The 8 items with low factor loadings and incompatibilities under the dimensions were removed from the data set. According to the results of the construct validity analysis of the scale, it was determined that the “Environmental Attributes Scale” consists of 22 items and four dimensions. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the scale had an adequate fit index. Chi-square degrees of freedom ratio (1.51) was at the expected level, RMSEA value (0.055) was at the expected level, CFI value (0.98) was at the expected level, NFI value (0.93) was at the expected level and GFI value (0.86) was slightly below the expected limit. According to the results of the reliability analysis of the scale, Cronbach\\\'s Alpha internal consistency coefficient was founded as 0.89 for the whole scale. Cronbach\\\'s Alpha internal consistency coefficient was .768 for “comfort and visual image” dimension, .815 for “access and linkages” dimension, .840 for “use and activities” dimension, and .712 for “socialization” dimension. As a result of these findings, it was determined that the “Environmental Attributes Scale” developed to identify the attitudes of users towards the physical and social characteristics of Hacıbayram Square and its environment is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Keywords : Ölçek geliştirme, güvenirlik, geçerlik, yer kalitesi, içerik analizi, çevresel nitelikler