The Effect of Fasting During Ramadan on Acute Metabolic Complications of Diabetes

Authors : Muhammet Ali Erinmez, Mehmet Seyfettin Sarıbaş, Fırat Güneş, Ece Oğuz

Pages : 68-74

Doi:10.37990/medr.1588373

View : 31 | Download : 49

Publication Date : 2025-01-15

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Aim: Ramadan fasting involves abstaining from eating and drinking from dawn to sunset for 29–30 days, causing significant lifestyle changes. These changes can increase the risk of acute metabolic complications in individuals with diabetes. This study investigates the impact of fasting during Ramadan on the frequency and clinical course of such complications. Material and Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study included diabetic patients aged 18 years or older who presented to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital between 2020 and 2024. Patients were grouped as fasting (≥10 days during Ramadan) or non-fasting. Key diagnoses included diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. Results: Of the 229 patients (mean age 57.8 years; 56.3% female), 114 were in the fasting group. Both groups were predominantly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (85.1% vs. 86.1%). Hypoglycemia accounted for 42.1% of admissions in the fasting group, whereas hyperglycemia was predominant (93%) in the non-fasting group (p<0.001). No significant differences were found in in-hospital mortality or mechanical ventilation needs. However, fasting was associated with lower blood glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: Pre-fasting education is essential for effective diabetes management during Ramadan. Continuous education programs supported by updated evidence-based guidelines can mitigate risks and improve outcomes for fasting diabetic patients.
Keywords : Diabetes, emergency, fasting, Ramadan