Al-Juwaynī`s Understanding of Maqāsid

Authors : Mehmet Macit SEVGİLİ
Pages : 25-49
Doi:10.54659/ulum.974354
View : 25 | Download : 7
Publication Date : 2021-07-31
Article Type : Research Paper
Abstract :Though not systematically enough, al-Juwaynī elaborately addressed some key terms that form the basis of the science of maqāsid, such as munasaba insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(suitability);, maslahat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(the puplic good);, hikmat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(underlying reason);, gharad insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(purpose);, kāida insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(maxim); and usūl al-sharīa insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(the origins/essentials of sharīa);, under the heading of qiyās. His approach is considered as a milestone in forming the relevant theory. In his opinion, a meaning-based ta’līl follows the pattern of ‘meaning-suitability, maslahat, usūl al-sharī’a/maqāsid. Thus, he aimed to develop a controlled understanding of maslahat, thanks to the suitability for maqāsid insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(munasaba);. He categorized the issues of maqāsid into dharuriyat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(the essential);, hadjiyyat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(the needed);, tahsiniyyat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(the embellished);, and bodily worships. Besides, he analyzed tahsiniyyat at two different levels, depending on whether the maslahat remained within the rule insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(qiyās); or made an exception, thereby addressing the issues of maqāsid under five categories altogether. Based on such a process of suitability, ta’līl in qiyās should be used in a way involving verification through maqāsid. Even though he never explicitly mentioned their names, al-Juwaynī can be assumed to have formed his approach by referring to the five obligatory maslahats. Being one of the first methodologists who established the science of maqāsid, al-Juwaynī managed to pioneer a path to be followed for centuries, thanks the contributions he made to this science.
Keywords : Islamic Law, al Juwaynī, Maqāsid, Maslahat, Suitable Meaning, Qiyās, Talīl

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