THE CONCEPT OF AL-FISQ / AL-FAASIQ IN THE QURAN AND ITS HISTORICAL ADVENTURE OF TRANSFORMATION

Authors : Bekir TATLI

Pages : 411-426

View : 20 | Download : 7

Publication Date : 2015-10-31

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :One of the most frequently used concepts both in the Quran and the Islamic intellectual history is, undoubtedly, the concept of “al-fisq” (الفِسْق ) (disobedience, transgression). Derivatives of this word are used in many verses of the Quran, of which vast majority is associated with disbelievers, polytheists and hypocrites. However, the word of “al-fisq” has also been used, from time to time, for certain behaviors of Muslims. When we look at the History of Islamic Sects (al-Mazâhib), we notice that the concept of al-fisq was almost associated with the major sins (al-kabaair) and that the word “al-faasiq” (disobedient person, transgressor) was often used for the perpetrator of major sins (al-murtakib al-kabeerah). In this sense, we can say that a “narrowing” has occurred in the meaning of the word “al-fisq” during the subsequent periods. When we consider the field of Methodology of Hadith, we also come across to a similar situation. Indeed, the expression of a “faasiq narrator” has been used for the perpetrators of major sins and for heterodox persons (al-mubtadi‘) in many sources written on “al-Jarh and al-Taʻdil” field. In this article, an attempt is made to provide information on the adventure which the concept of “al-fisq” has experienced throughout Islamic history.
Keywords : al Fisq disobedience, al faasiq disobedient, fisq al rawi narrators depravity, bidʻah heresy, al murtakib al kabeerah perpetrator of major sins, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah, History of Islamic Sects al Mazaahib, Hadith Methodologyh