New Approaches and Theories in Understanding Intelligence and Cognitive Ability Processes

Authors : Hatice Yıldırım, Latif Gürkan Kaya

Pages : 913-931

Doi:10.29130/dubited.1635523

View : 23 | Download : 25

Publication Date : 2025-04-30

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :This article aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of intelligence. The development of the concept of intelligence in the historical process, different theoretical approaches and assessment tools developed based on these approaches are discussed. Intelligence has attracted the attention of researchers throughout history due to its complex and multidimensional nature and has been examined by various disciplines from different perspectives. Approaches to the definition and measurement of intelligence have been discussed in a wide perspective ranging from ancient Greek mythology to contemporary scientific and philosophical frameworks. While intelligence was initially treated as one of the main topics of philosophy, with the development of psychology as a modern discipline in the mid-20th century, it has been the subject of extensive research in this field as well. Today, thanks to technological advances and advanced imaging techniques, it has also intersected with the field of neuroscience, enabling more in-depth studies on the biological basis of cognitive processes. So, what is the reason why intelligence cannot be defined at a common point? In this study, which answers this question, it is seen that intelligence is not only limited to individual cognitive capacities but also interacts with many variables such as environmental, genetic, psychological and sociocultural factors. A multidisciplinary approach to understanding the complex relationships between individual differences, genetic inheritance, environmental conditions and psychological processes is needed in intelligence-related research.
Keywords : Bilişsel yetenek, Zeka, Zeka Kuramları ve Sınıflandırılması, Zeka Ölçme Yöntemleri