Predictive power of hematological and biochemical biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy

Authors : Ahmet Kürşad Sakallıoğlu, Perihan Demircan Ökmen, Ayşe Naz Mutlu Dinç, Ayça Küpeli Çınar, Abdulkadir Can Çinar, Ramazan Birgül, Hande Güçlü

Pages : 825-837

Doi:10.54005/geneltip.1613743

View : 182 | Download : 278

Publication Date : 2025-10-28

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Abstract Background/Aims: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is estimated to affect 27.0% of individuals with diabetes, resulting in approximately 0.4 million cases of blindness. Identifying novel biomarkers with predictive value could offer a promising approach to enhance the management of diabetic patients Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hematologic and biochemical biomarkers in DR subtypes. Methods: This retrospective comparative case study was conducted on 111 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), divided into three equal groups: non-retinopathic diabetes mellitus (NRDM), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The changes in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-monocyte ratio (EMR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immuno-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), hematological, and biochemical parameters between the groups were investigated. Results: No significant difference was found in age, gender, or duration of DM between the groups. NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, MLR, urea, and creatinine increased significantly with DR progression (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.047, P=0.017, respectively). In contrast, lymphocyte, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and direct bilirubin decreased significantly with DR progression (P<0.001, P=0.034, P=0.003, P=0.002, P<0.001, P=0.045, respectively). In ROC analysis, NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, SIRI, MLR, and neutrophil count values showed good discrimination power with high specificity and sensitivity. In contrast, ROC analysis was not statistically significant, or the area under the curve values were low for other parameters that showed significant differences between groups. In binary logistic regression analysis, NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, MLRx10, and neutrophil count showed a higher correlation with PDR. Conclusions: SIRI, NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII values are significantly associated with PDR. The widespread use of these parameters in clinical practice may positively impact the follow-up and management of DR.
Keywords : Diyabet Mellitus, Diyabetik Retinopati, Biyobelirteçler, İnflamasyon, Nötrofiller, Trombosit Sayısı, Lenfosit Sayısı

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