Investigation of Sambucus ebulus Plant Extract with Regard to its In-vitro DNA Protective Action, Cytotoxic Effect and Amoebicidal on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites

Authors : Bülent Kaynak, Gülizar Aydoğdu, Zeynep Kolören

Pages : 2172-2189

Doi:10.31466/kfbd.1537169

View : 46 | Download : 65

Publication Date : 2024-12-15

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The amoebicidal, DNA protective and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of Sambucus ebulus against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites were investigated. The extract at different concentrations (45, 22.5, 11.25, 5.62, 2.8, 1.4, 0.7 mg/mL) was found to amoebicidal effect on trophozoites. At a concentration of 45 mg/mL, the extract completely eliminated trophozoites by the 72nd hour. IC50 values were 1.9, 3.3, 4.8 mg/mL at 72, 48, 24 hours, respectively. Cytotoxicity in HeLa cells was assessed via 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2 yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, revealing dose-dependent viability reduction with an IC50 of 1 mg/mL at 72 hours DNA-protective effects were observed against hydroxyl radical-induced damage in pBR322 plasmid DNA. Lower extract concentrations (5.62, 2.8, 1.4 mg/ml) effectively inhibited DNA damage, while higher concentrations (45, 22.5, 11.25 mg/ml) showed weaker effects. Phytochemical analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified the bioactive compounds responsible for these effects. In conclusion, the potent amoebicidal activity, DNA protective properties, and controlled cytotoxicity of Sambucus ebulus extract suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent not only for antiparasitic treatments but also for the prevention of DNA damage-related diseases. The findings indicate that the extract could be considered as an alternative or complementary approach for preserving genomic integrity and for clinical applications.
Keywords : Acanthamoeba castellanii, GC-MS, MTT, pBR322 plazmid DNA, Sambucus ebulus