THE MILITARY\\\'S ROLE DURING CRISES (2011-2022) EGYPT AND SYRIA AS A MODEL

Authors : Mohamad Rashid

Pages : 8-37

Doi:10.56448/ataddergi.1652294

View : 20 | Download : 22

Publication Date : 2025-04-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The concept of the military establishment that we know today goes back to the beginning of the sixteenth century when the European federations were established, such as the French Union during Louis XI in 1483, the British Union led by Henry VII in 1485, the authority of the Catholic Kings in Spain in 1469, and the beginning of the formation of local authorities that required institutions to serve the king and the armies to protect These states or empires. The contemporary form of the military institution, the duties stipulated in the era of the state and modern constitutions, and the relations of these institutions with the rest of the state institutions are completely different from those of his predecessor, and made their presence more powerful and influential \\\"according to the constitution.\\\" This is what we have seen after the events in the Arab region since late 2010 that led to the overthrow of authoritarian regimes, as happened in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen, and the pillars of other regimes were shaken, but did not fall until the time of writing this study, as happened in Syria, and these events are now known. Later in the Arab Spring. As is the case in most countries that witness large-scale popular protests whose goal is to bring down the government or even the entire system, political leaders usually resort - as a means of suppressing demonstrators - to request the support of the armies, after the security forces retreat in the face of the resilience of the demonstrators. The political survival of the rulers depends on answering this question, “Will the army respond to orders to confront the demonstrators and shoot or not?” Especially since, according to the literature on civil-military relations, the army’s support for the revolution, or at least its neutrality, is a necessary condition for the success of the revolutionary act in overthrowing the political leadership in the country. Therefore, this study attempts to track the reactions of the Arab armies towards popular protests with a focus on the two countries of Egypt, so that the time scope of this study extends to include the period from January 25 to February 11 in the Egyptian case.
Keywords : ASKERİ KURUM, KRİZLER, ARAP BAHARI, MISIR, SURİYE