In Vitro Evaluation of Selenium Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Authors : Göksel Özer, Muharrem Türkkan, Ferit Sönmez, Hüseyin Kabakcı, Mehtap Alkan, Sibel Derviş

Pages : 99-110

Doi:10.29278/azd.1452105

View : 91 | Download : 96

Publication Date : 2024-07-05

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objective: Selenium (Se) is garnering interest as a promising environmentally friendly element for controlling fungal pathogens in agricultural production. This study evaluated the impact of Se treatments, comprising sodium selenite (selenite) and sodium selenate (selenate) forms, on the growth of 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Materials and Methods: The impact of Se treatments on the mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi was assessed in in vitro conditions. Probit analysis was used to determine the concentrations of salts that induced a 50% reduction (EC50) in both mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi. Results: At the highest concentration (120 ppm), selenite demonstrated inhibitory effects on mycelial growth across various species, with a reduction in growth ranging from 6.82% to 62.46%. In contrast, selenate exhibited a broader spectrum of inhibition, affecting mycelial growth from 0% to 87.14%. Across different concentrations, Fusarium pseudograminearum displayed the highest sensitivity to selenite (EC50<24 ppm), followed by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Verticillium dahliae. Similarly, Colletotrichum coccodes exhibited the highest sensitivity to selenate treatment (EC50<24 ppm), followed by B. sorokiniana, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and V. dahliae. Both salts effectively inhibited sporulation across fungal species, with no significant difference observed. Colletotrichum coccodes, F. pseudograminearum, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, V. dahliae, and B. sorokiniana were significantly inhibited by selenite, while F. oxysporum exhibited lower inhibition. Similarly, these species, along with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum, were significantly inhibited by selenate, with slight differences between their inhibition percentages. EC50 values below 24 ppm were observed for C. coccodes, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, B. sorokiniana, and F. oxysporum, indicating potent inhibition of sporulation by both salts. Fusarium pseudograminearum required slightly higher concentrations for 50% inhibition. Verticillium dahliae showed higher sensitivity to selenate than selenite, with EC50 values of 33.16 ppm and below 24 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of Se\'s antifungal potential across diverse plant pathogenic fungal species in sustainable agriculture. Further research is warranted to elucidate its mechanisms and optimize treatment protocols for disease management.
Keywords : Na2SeO3, Na2SeO4, antifungal, miselyal gelişme, sporulasyon, EC50