LAW AND JUDİCİAL SYSTEM OF THE MONGOLS ACCORDİNG TO MAMLUK SOURCES

Authors : Abdullah Kubat

Pages : 173-186

Doi:10.20875/makusobed.1791440

View : 132 | Download : 166

Publication Date : 2025-11-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :In order to establish state and social order, Genghis Khan compiled a set of laws concerning administration, finance, judiciary, criminal justice, and social life. This codified system of rules, known as the Yassa of Genghis Khan or the Great Yassa, was put into writing during Genghis Khan’s lifetime. Due to their sincere loyalty to Genghis Khan, the Mongols continued to strictly adhere to the Yassa even after his death. The Yassa never lost its significance, even among Mongol communities that later converted to Islam. It served as an example and source of inspiration for other societies and nations in the process of forming their own legal systems. In Mongol terminology, the process of judicial adjudication was referred to as yargu, and the person conducting the trial was called a yarguchi. In certain politically significant cases, it is known that the ruler himself assumed the role of yarguchi and delivered the verdict. Within the Mongol legal system, while individual crimes were punished with individual penalties, political offenses often resulted in collective punishment. Furthermore, as the Mongol states respected the religious beliefs of local populations in the territories under their control, they appointed Islamic judges (qadis) to resolve the legal disputes of Muslim communities.
Keywords : Cengiz Han, Yasa, Moğollar, Hukuk, Yargu.

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