Sustainable Careers for Middle-Skilled Workers in the Smart Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA) Era: An Overview on Upskilling and Reskilling

Authors : Merve Gerçek

Pages : 54-71

View : 79 | Download : 369

Publication Date : 2025-06-30

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :As Smart Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA) are becoming increasingly prevalent in work environments, significant transformations are occurring in employment relations, as well as in the methods and tools used to complete tasks. These transformations are also redefining the skills and competencies that employees are anticipated to acquire. This article focuses on middle-skilled workers, whose jobs represent a substantial portion of labor demand in global markets, making their availability crucial for economic development. Given their heightened vulnerability to the widespread adoption of STARA, upskilling and reskilling initiatives are essential for sustaining their health, productivity, and well-being. Based on sustainable career ecosystem theory, this overview presents the literature on upskilling, which enhances existing skills, and reskilling, which involves acquiring new ones, both of which are crucial elements of human resource development. It also presents the methods, approaches, and challenges within these areas, offering recommendations for upskilling and reskilling processes at the individual, organizational, and societal levels to provide career sustainability.
Keywords : STARA, sürdürülebilir kariyer, beceri geliştirme, yeni beceri kazanma, insan kaynakları geliştirme

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